JUVENILE COURT ACT

(705 ILCS 405/Art. I heading)
ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

(705 ILCS 405/1‑1) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑1)
Sec. 1‑1. Short title. This Act shall be known and may be cited as the Juvenile Court Act of 1987.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑2) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑2)
Sec. 1‑2. Purpose and policy.
(1) The purpose of this Act is to secure for each minor subject hereto such care and guidance, preferably in his or her own home, as will serve the safety and moral, emotional, mental, and physical welfare of the minor and the best interests of the community; to preserve and strengthen the minor's family ties whenever possible, removing him or her from the custody of his or her parents only when his or her safety or welfare or the protection of the public cannot be adequately safeguarded without removal; if the child is removed from the custody of his or her parent, the Department of Children and Family Services immediately shall consider concurrent planning, as described in Section 5 of the Children and Family Services Act so that permanency may occur at the earliest opportunity; consideration should be given so that if reunification fails or is delayed, the placement made is the best available placement to provide permanency for the child; and, when the minor is removed from his or her own family, to secure for him or her custody, care and discipline as nearly as possible equivalent to that which should be given by his or her parents, and in cases where it should and can properly be done to place the minor in a family home so that he or she may become a member of the family by legal adoption or otherwise. Provided that a ground for unfitness under the Adoption Act can be met, it may be appropriate to expedite termination of parental rights:
(a) when reasonable efforts are inappropriate, or

have been provided and were unsuccessful, and there are aggravating circumstances including, but not limited to, those cases in which (i) the child or another child of that child's parent was (A) abandoned, (B) tortured, or (C) chronically abused or (ii) the parent is criminally convicted of (A) first degree murder or second degree murder of any child, (B) attempt or conspiracy to commit first degree murder or second degree murder of any child, (C) solicitation to commit murder, solicitation to commit murder for hire, solicitation to commit second degree murder of any child, or aggravated assault in violation of subdivision (a)(13) of Section 12‑2 of the Criminal Code of 1961, or (D) aggravated criminal sexual assault in violation of Section 12‑14(b)(1) of the Criminal Code of 1961; or
(b) when the parental rights of a parent with

respect to another child of the parent have been involuntarily terminated; or
(c) in those extreme cases in which the parent's

incapacity to care for the child, combined with an extremely poor prognosis for treatment or rehabilitation, justifies expedited termination of parental rights.
(2) In all proceedings under this Act the court may direct the course thereof so as promptly to ascertain the jurisdictional facts and fully to gather information bearing upon the current condition and future welfare of persons subject to this Act. This Act shall be administered in a spirit of humane concern, not only for the rights of the parties, but also for the fears and the limits of understanding of all who appear before the court.
(3) In all procedures under this Act, the following shall apply:
(a) The procedural rights assured to the minor shall

be the rights of adults unless specifically precluded by laws which enhance the protection of such minors.
(b) Every child has a right to services necessary to

his or her safety and proper development, including health, education and social services.
(c) The parents' right to the custody of their child

shall not prevail when the court determines that it is contrary to the health, safety, and best interests of the child.
(4) This Act shall be liberally construed to carry out the foregoing purpose and policy.
(Source: P.A. 89‑704, eff. 8‑16‑97 (changed from 1‑1‑98 by P.A. 90‑443); 90‑27, eff. 1‑1‑98; 90‑28, eff. 1‑1‑98; 90‑443, eff. 8‑16‑97; 90‑608, eff. 6‑30‑98.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑3) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑3)
Sec. 1‑3. Definitions. Terms used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, have the following meanings ascribed to them:
(1) "Adjudicatory hearing" means a hearing to determine whether the allegations of a petition under Section 2‑13, 3‑15 or 4‑12 that a minor under 18 years of age is abused, neglected or dependent, or requires authoritative intervention, or addicted, respectively, are supported by a preponderance of the evidence or whether the allegations of a petition under Section 5‑520 that a minor is delinquent are proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
(2) "Adult" means a person 21 years of age or older.
(3) "Agency" means a public or private child care facility legally authorized or licensed by this State for placement or institutional care or for both placement and institutional care.
(4) "Association" means any organization, public or private, engaged in welfare functions which include services to or on behalf of children but does not include "agency" as herein defined.
(4.05) Whenever a "best interest" determination is required, the following factors shall be considered in the context of the child's age and developmental needs:
(a) the physical safety and welfare of the child,

including food, shelter, health, and clothing;
(b) the development of the child's identity;
(c) the child's background and ties, including

familial, cultural, and religious;
(d) the child's sense of attachments, including:
(i) where the child actually feels love,

attachment, and a sense of being valued (as opposed to where adults believe the child should feel such love, attachment, and a sense of being valued);
(ii) the child's sense of security;
(iii) the child's sense of familiarity;
(iv) continuity of affection for the child;
(v) the least disruptive placement alternative

for the child;
(e) the child's wishes and long‑term goals;
(f) the child's community ties, including church,

school, and friends;
(g) the child's need for permanence which includes

the child's need for stability and continuity of relationships with parent figures and with siblings and other relatives;
(h) the uniqueness of every family and child;
(i) the risks attendant to entering and being in

substitute care; and
(j) the preferences of the persons available to care

for the child.
(4.1) "Chronic truant" shall have the definition ascribed to it in Section 26‑2a of the School Code.
(5) "Court" means the circuit court in a session or division assigned to hear proceedings under this Act.
(6) "Dispositional hearing" means a hearing to determine whether a minor should be adjudged to be a ward of the court, and to determine what order of disposition should be made in respect to a minor adjudged to be a ward of the court.
(7) "Emancipated minor" means any minor 16 years of age or over who has been completely or partially emancipated under the Emancipation of Minors Act or under this Act.
(8) "Guardianship of the person" of a minor means the duty and authority to act in the best interests of the minor, subject to residual parental rights and responsibilities, to make important decisions in matters having a permanent effect on the life and development of the minor and to be concerned with his or her general welfare. It includes but is not necessarily limited to:
(a) the authority to consent to marriage, to

enlistment in the armed forces of the United States, or to a major medical, psychiatric, and surgical treatment; to represent the minor in legal actions; and to make other decisions of substantial legal significance concerning the minor;
(b) the authority and duty of reasonable visitation,

except to the extent that these have been limited in the best interests of the minor by court order;
(c) the rights and responsibilities of legal custody

except where legal custody has been vested in another person or agency; and
(d) the power to consent to the adoption of the

minor, but only if expressly conferred on the guardian in accordance with Section 2‑29, 3‑30, or 4‑27.
(9) "Legal custody" means the relationship created by an order of court in the best interests of the minor which imposes on the custodian the responsibility of physical possession of a minor and the duty to protect, train and discipline him and to provide him with food, shelter, education and ordinary medical care, except as these are limited by residual parental rights and responsibilities and the rights and responsibilities of the guardian of the person, if any.
(10) "Minor" means a person under the age of 21 years subject to this Act.
(11) "Parent" means the father or mother of a child and includes any adoptive parent. It also includes a man (i) whose paternity is presumed or has been established under the law of this or another jurisdiction or (ii) who has registered with the Putative Father Registry in accordance with Section 12.1 of the Adoption Act and whose paternity has not been ruled out under the law of this or another jurisdiction. It does not include a parent whose rights in respect to the minor have been terminated in any manner provided by law.
(11.1) "Permanency goal" means a goal set by the court as defined in subdivision (2) of Section 2‑28.
(11.2) "Permanency hearing" means a hearing to set the permanency goal and to review and determine (i) the appropriateness of the services contained in the plan and whether those services have been provided, (ii) whether reasonable efforts have been made by all the parties to the service plan to achieve the goal, and (iii) whether the plan and goal have been achieved.
(12) "Petition" means the petition provided for in Section 2‑13, 3‑15, 4‑12 or 5‑520, including any supplemental petitions thereunder in Section 3‑15, 4‑12 or 5‑520.
(13) "Residual parental rights and responsibilities" means those rights and responsibilities remaining with the parent after the transfer of legal custody or guardianship of the person, including, but not necessarily limited to, the right to reasonable visitation (which may be limited by the court in the best interests of the minor as provided in subsection (8)(b) of this Section), the right to consent to adoption, the right to determine the minor's religious affiliation, and the responsibility for his support.
(14) "Shelter" means the temporary care of a minor in physically unrestricting facilities pending court disposition or execution of court order for placement.
(15) "Station adjustment" means the informal handling of an alleged offender by a juvenile police officer.
(16) "Ward of the court" means a minor who is so adjudged under Section 2‑22, 3‑23, 4‑20 or 5‑705, after a finding of the requisite jurisdictional facts, and thus is subject to the dispositional powers of the court under this Act.
(17) "Juvenile police officer" means a sworn police officer who has completed a Basic Recruit Training Course, has been assigned to the position of juvenile police officer by his or her chief law enforcement officer and has completed the necessary juvenile officers training as prescribed by the Illinois Law Enforcement Training Standards Board, or in the case of a State police officer, juvenile officer training approved by the Director of the Department of State Police.
(18) "Secure child care facility" means any child care facility licensed by the Department of Children and Family Services to provide secure living arrangements for children under 18 years of age who are subject to placement in facilities under the Children and Family Services Act and who are not subject to placement in facilities for whom standards are established by the Department of Corrections under Section 3‑15‑2 of the Unified Code of Corrections. "Secure child care facility" also means a facility that is designed and operated to ensure that all entrances and exits from the facility, a building, or a distinct part of the building are under the exclusive control of the staff of the facility, whether or not the child has the freedom of movement within the perimeter of the facility, building, or distinct part of the building.
(Source: P.A. 95‑331, eff. 8‑21‑07.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑4) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑4)
Sec. 1‑4. Limitations of scope of Act. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to give: (a) any guardian appointed hereunder the guardianship of the estate of the minor or to change the age of minority for any purpose other than those expressly stated in this Act; or (b) any court jurisdiction, except as provided in Sections 2‑7, 3‑6, 3‑9, 4‑6 and 5‑410, over any minor solely on the basis of the minor's (i) misbehavior which does not violate any federal or state law or municipal ordinance, (ii) refusal to obey the orders or directions of a parent, guardian or custodian, (iii) absence from home without the consent of his or her parent, guardian or custodian, or (iv) truancy, until efforts and procedures to address and resolve such actions by a law enforcement officer during a period of limited custody, by crisis intervention services under Section 3‑5, and by alternative voluntary residential placement or other disposition as provided by Section 3‑6 have been exhausted without correcting such actions.
(Source: P.A. 91‑357, eff. 7‑29‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑4.1) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑4.1)
Sec. 1‑4.1. Except for minors accused of violation of an order of the court, any minor accused of any act under federal or State law, or a municipal ordinance that would not be illegal if committed by an adult, cannot be placed in a jail, municipal lockup, detention center or secure correctional facility. Confinement in a county jail of a minor accused of a violation of an order of the court, or of a minor for whom there is reasonable cause to believe that the minor is a person described in subsection (3) of Section 5‑105, shall be in accordance with the restrictions set forth in Sections 5‑410 and 5‑501 of this Act.
(Source: P.A. 89‑656, eff. 1‑1‑97; 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑5) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑5)
Sec. 1‑5. Rights of parties to proceedings.
(1) Except as provided in this Section and paragraph (2) of Sections 2‑22, 3‑23, 4‑20, 5‑610 or 5‑705, the minor who is the subject of the proceeding and his parents, guardian, legal custodian or responsible relative who are parties respondent have the right to be present, to be heard, to present evidence material to the proceedings, to cross‑examine witnesses, to examine pertinent court files and records and also, although proceedings under this Act are not intended to be adversary in character, the right to be represented by counsel. At the request of any party financially unable to employ counsel, with the exception of a foster parent permitted to intervene under this Section, the court shall appoint the Public Defender or such other counsel as the case may require. Counsel appointed for the minor and any indigent party shall appear at all stages of the trial court proceeding, and such appointment shall continue through the permanency hearings and termination of parental rights proceedings subject to withdrawal or substitution pursuant to Supreme Court Rules or the Code of Civil Procedure. Following the dispositional hearing, the court may require appointed counsel, other than counsel for the minor or counsel for the guardian ad litem, to withdraw his or her appearance upon failure of the party for whom counsel was appointed under this Section to attend any subsequent proceedings.
No hearing on any petition or motion filed under this Act may be commenced unless the minor who is the subject of the proceeding is represented by counsel. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if a guardian ad litem has been appointed for the minor under Section 2‑17 of this Act and the guardian ad litem is a licensed attorney at law of this State, or in the event that a court appointed special advocate has been appointed as guardian ad litem and counsel has been appointed to represent the court appointed special advocate, the court may not require the appointment of counsel to represent the minor unless the court finds that the minor's interests are in conflict with what the guardian ad litem determines to be in the best interest of the minor. Each adult respondent shall be furnished a written "Notice of Rights" at or before the first hearing at which he or she appears.
(1.5) The Department shall maintain a system of response to inquiry made by parents or putative parents as to whether their child is under the custody or guardianship of the Department; and if so, the Department shall direct the parents or putative parents to the appropriate court of jurisdiction, including where inquiry may be made of the clerk of the court regarding the case number and the next scheduled court date of the minor's case. Effective notice and the means of accessing information shall be given to the public on a continuing basis by the Department.
(2) (a) Though not appointed guardian or legal custodian or otherwise made a party to the proceeding, any current or previously appointed foster parent or relative caregiver, or representative of an agency or association interested in the minor has the right to be heard by the court, but does not thereby become a party to the proceeding.
In addition to the foregoing right to be heard by the court, any current foster parent or relative caregiver of a minor and the agency designated by the court or the Department of Children and Family Services as custodian of the minor who is alleged to be or has been adjudicated an abused or neglected minor under Section 2‑3 or a dependent minor under Section 2‑4 of this Act has the right to and shall be given adequate notice at all stages of any hearing or proceeding under this Act.
Any foster parent or relative caregiver who is denied his or her right to be heard under this Section may bring a mandamus action under Article XIV of the Code of Civil Procedure against the court or any public agency to enforce that right. The mandamus action may be brought immediately upon the denial of those rights but in no event later than 30 days after the foster parent has been denied the right to be heard.
(b) If after an adjudication that a minor is abused or neglected as provided under Section 2‑21 of this Act and a motion has been made to restore the minor to any parent, guardian, or legal custodian found by the court to have caused the neglect or to have inflicted the abuse on the minor, a foster parent may file a motion to intervene in the proceeding for the sole purpose of requesting that the minor be placed with the foster parent, provided that the foster parent (i) is the current foster parent of the minor or (ii) has previously been a foster parent for the minor for one year or more, has a foster care license or is eligible for a license, and is not the subject of any findings of abuse or neglect of any child. The juvenile court may only enter orders placing a minor with a specific foster parent under this subsection (2)(b) and nothing in this Section shall be construed to confer any jurisdiction or authority on the juvenile court to issue any other orders requiring the appointed guardian or custodian of a minor to place the minor in a designated foster home or facility. This Section is not intended to encompass any matters that are within the scope or determinable under the administrative and appeal process established by rules of the Department of Children and Family Services under Section 5(o) of the Children and Family Services Act. Nothing in this Section shall relieve the court of its responsibility, under Section 2‑14(a) of this Act to act in a just and speedy manner to reunify families where it is the best interests of the minor and the child can be cared for at home without endangering the child's health or safety and, if reunification is not in the best interests of the minor, to find another permanent home for the minor. Nothing in this Section, or in any order issued by the court with respect to the placement of a minor with a foster parent, shall impair the ability of the Department of Children and Family Services, or anyone else authorized under Section 5 of the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act, to remove a minor from the home of a foster parent if the Department of Children and Family Services or the person removing the minor has reason to believe that the circumstances or conditions of the minor are such that continuing in the residence or care of the foster parent will jeopardize the child's health and safety or present an imminent risk of harm to that minor's life.
(c) If a foster parent has had the minor who is the subject of the proceeding under Article II in his or her home for more than one year on or after July 3, 1994 and if the minor's placement is being terminated from that foster parent's home, that foster parent shall have standing and intervenor status except in those circumstances where the Department of Children and Family Services or anyone else authorized under Section 5 of the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act has removed the minor from the foster parent because of a reasonable belief that the circumstances or conditions of the minor are such that continuing in the residence or care of the foster parent will jeopardize the child's health or safety or presents an imminent risk of harm to the minor's life.
(d) The court may grant standing to any foster parent if the court finds that it is in the best interest of the child for the foster parent to have standing and intervenor status.
(3) Parties respondent are entitled to notice in compliance with Sections 2‑15 and 2‑16, 3‑17 and 3‑18, 4‑14 and 4‑15 or 5‑525 and 5‑530, as appropriate. At the first appearance before the court by the minor, his parents, guardian, custodian or responsible relative, the court shall explain the nature of the proceedings and inform the parties of their rights under the first 2 paragraphs of this Section.
If the child is alleged to be abused, neglected or dependent, the court shall admonish the parents that if the court declares the child to be a ward of the court and awards custody or guardianship to the Department of Children and Family Services, the parents must cooperate with the Department of Children and Family Services, comply with the terms of the service plans, and correct the conditions that require the child to be in care, or risk termination of their parental rights.
Upon an adjudication of wardship of the court under Sections 2‑22, 3‑23, 4‑20 or 5‑705, the court shall inform the parties of their right to appeal therefrom as well as from any other final judgment of the court.
When the court finds that a child is an abused, neglected, or dependent minor under Section 2‑21, the court shall admonish the parents that the parents must cooperate with the Department of Children and Family Services, comply with the terms of the service plans, and correct the conditions that require the child to be in care, or risk termination of their parental rights.
When the court declares a child to be a ward of the court and awards guardianship to the Department of Children and Family Services under Section 2‑22, the court shall admonish the parents, guardian, custodian, or responsible relative that the parents must cooperate with the Department of Children and Family Services, comply with the terms of the service plans, and correct the conditions that require the child to be in care, or risk termination of their parental rights.
(4) No sanction may be applied against the minor who is the subject of the proceedings by reason of his refusal or failure to testify in the course of any hearing held prior to final adjudication under Section 2‑22, 3‑23, 4‑20 or 5‑705.
(5) In the discretion of the court, the minor may be excluded from any part or parts of a dispositional hearing and, with the consent of the parent or parents, guardian, counsel or a guardian ad litem, from any part or parts of an adjudicatory hearing.
(6) The general public except for the news media and the crime victim, as defined in Section 3 of the Rights of Crime Victims and Witnesses Act, shall be excluded from any hearing and, except for the persons specified in this Section only persons, including representatives of agencies and associations, who in the opinion of the court have a direct interest in the case or in the work of the court shall be admitted to the hearing. However, the court may, for the minor's safety and protection and for good cause shown, prohibit any person or agency present in court from further disclosing the minor's identity. Nothing in this subsection (6) prevents the court from allowing other juveniles to be present or to participate in a court session being held under the Juvenile Drug Court Treatment Act.
(7) A party shall not be entitled to exercise the right to a substitution of a judge without cause under subdivision (a)(2) of Section 2‑1001 of the Code of Civil Procedure in a proceeding under this Act if the judge is currently assigned to a proceeding involving the alleged abuse, neglect, or dependency of the minor's sibling or half sibling and that judge has made a substantive ruling in the proceeding involving the minor's sibling or half sibling.
(Source: P.A. 93‑539, eff. 8‑18‑03; 94‑271, eff. 1‑1‑06.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑6) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑6)
Sec. 1‑6. State's Attorney. The State's Attorneys of the several counties shall represent the people of the State of Illinois in proceedings under this Act in their respective counties.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑7) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑7)
Sec. 1‑7. Confidentiality of law enforcement records.
(A) Inspection and copying of law enforcement records maintained by law enforcement agencies that relate to a minor who has been arrested or taken into custody before his or her 17th birthday shall be restricted to the following:
(1) Any local, State or federal law enforcement

officers of any jurisdiction or agency when necessary for the discharge of their official duties during the investigation or prosecution of a crime or relating to a minor who has been adjudicated delinquent and there has been a previous finding that the act which constitutes the previous offense was committed in furtherance of criminal activities by a criminal street gang. For purposes of this Section, "criminal street gang" has the meaning ascribed to it in Section 10 of the Illinois Streetgang Terrorism Omnibus Prevention Act.
(2) Prosecutors, probation officers, social workers,

or other individuals assigned by the court to conduct a pre‑adjudication or pre‑disposition investigation, and individuals responsible for supervising or providing temporary or permanent care and custody for minors pursuant to the order of the juvenile court, when essential to performing their responsibilities.
(3) Prosecutors and probation officers:
(a) in the course of a trial when institution of

criminal proceedings has been permitted or required under Section 5‑805; or
(b) when institution of criminal proceedings has

been permitted or required under Section 5‑805 and such minor is the subject of a proceeding to determine the amount of bail; or
(c) when criminal proceedings have been

permitted or required under Section 5‑805 and such minor is the subject of a pre‑trial investigation, pre‑sentence investigation, fitness hearing, or proceedings on an application for probation.
(4) Adult and Juvenile Prisoner Review Board.
(5) Authorized military personnel.
(6) Persons engaged in bona fide research, with the

permission of the Presiding Judge of the Juvenile Court and the chief executive of the respective law enforcement agency; provided that publication of such research results in no disclosure of a minor's identity and protects the confidentiality of the minor's record.
(7) Department of Children and Family Services child

protection investigators acting in their official capacity.
(8) The appropriate school official. Inspection and

copying shall be limited to law enforcement records transmitted to the appropriate school official by a local law enforcement agency under a reciprocal reporting system established and maintained between the school district and the local law enforcement agency under Section 10‑20.14 of the School Code concerning a minor enrolled in a school within the school district who has been arrested or taken into custody for any of the following offenses:
(i) unlawful use of weapons under Section 24‑1

of the Criminal Code of 1961;
(ii) a violation of the Illinois Controlled

Substances Act;
(iii) a violation of the Cannabis Control Act;
(iv) a forcible felony as defined in Section 2‑8

of the Criminal Code of 1961; or
(v) a violation of the Methamphetamine Control

and Community Protection Act.
(9) Mental health professionals on behalf of the

Illinois Department of Corrections or the Department of Human Services or prosecutors who are evaluating, prosecuting, or investigating a potential or actual petition brought under the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act relating to a person who is the subject of juvenile law enforcement records or the respondent to a petition brought under the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act who is the subject of the juvenile law enforcement records sought. Any records and any information obtained from those records under this paragraph (9) may be used only in sexually violent persons commitment proceedings.
(B) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), no law

enforcement officer or other person or agency may knowingly transmit to the Department of Corrections, Adult Division or the Department of State Police or to the Federal Bureau of Investigation any fingerprint or photograph relating to a minor who has been arrested or taken into custody before his or her 17th birthday, unless the court in proceedings under this Act authorizes the transmission or enters an order under Section 5‑805 permitting or requiring the institution of criminal proceedings.
(2) Law enforcement officers or other persons or

agencies shall transmit to the Department of State Police copies of fingerprints and descriptions of all minors who have been arrested or taken into custody before their 17th birthday for the offense of unlawful use of weapons under Article 24 of the Criminal Code of 1961, a Class X or Class 1 felony, a forcible felony as defined in Section 2‑8 of the Criminal Code of 1961, or a Class 2 or greater felony under the Cannabis Control Act, the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act, or Chapter 4 of the Illinois Vehicle Code, pursuant to Section 5 of the Criminal Identification Act. Information reported to the Department pursuant to this Section may be maintained with records that the Department files pursuant to Section 2.1 of the Criminal Identification Act. Nothing in this Act prohibits a law enforcement agency from fingerprinting a minor taken into custody or arrested before his or her 17th birthday for an offense other than those listed in this paragraph (2).
(C) The records of law enforcement officers concerning all minors under 17 years of age must be maintained separate from the records of arrests and may not be open to public inspection or their contents disclosed to the public except by order of the court presiding over matters pursuant to this Act or when the institution of criminal proceedings has been permitted or required under Section 5‑805 or such a person has been convicted of a crime and is the subject of pre‑sentence investigation or proceedings on an application for probation or when provided by law. For purposes of obtaining documents pursuant to this Section, a civil subpoena is not an order of the court.
(1) In cases where the law enforcement records

concern a pending juvenile court case, the party seeking to inspect the records shall provide actual notice to the attorney or guardian ad litem of the minor whose records are sought.
(2) In cases where the records concern a juvenile

court case that is no longer pending, the party seeking to inspect the records shall provide actual notice to the minor or the minor's parent or legal guardian, and the matter shall be referred to the chief judge presiding over matters pursuant to this Act.
(3) In determining whether the records should be

available for inspection, the court shall consider the minor's interest in confidentiality and rehabilitation over the moving party's interest in obtaining the information. Any records obtained in violation of this subsection (C) shall not be admissible in any criminal or civil proceeding, or operate to disqualify a minor from subsequently holding public office or securing employment, or operate as a forfeiture of any public benefit, right, privilege, or right to receive any license granted by public authority.
(D) Nothing contained in subsection (C) of this Section shall prohibit the inspection or disclosure to victims and witnesses of photographs contained in the records of law enforcement agencies when the inspection and disclosure is conducted in the presence of a law enforcement officer for the purpose of the identification or apprehension of any person subject to the provisions of this Act or for the investigation or prosecution of any crime.
(E) Law enforcement officers may not disclose the identity of any minor in releasing information to the general public as to the arrest, investigation or disposition of any case involving a minor.
(F) Nothing contained in this Section shall prohibit law enforcement agencies from communicating with each other by letter, memorandum, teletype or intelligence alert bulletin or other means the identity or other relevant information pertaining to a person under 17 years of age if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person poses a real and present danger to the safety of the public or law enforcement officers. The information provided under this subsection (F) shall remain confidential and shall not be publicly disclosed, except as otherwise allowed by law.
(G) Nothing in this Section shall prohibit the right of a Civil Service Commission or appointing authority of any state, county or municipality examining the character and fitness of an applicant for employment with a law enforcement agency, correctional institution, or fire department from obtaining and examining the records of any law enforcement agency relating to any record of the applicant having been arrested or taken into custody before the applicant's 17th birthday.
(Source: P.A. 94‑556, eff. 9‑11‑05; 95‑123, eff. 8‑13‑07.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑8) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑8)
Sec. 1‑8. Confidentiality and accessibility of juvenile court records.
(A) Inspection and copying of juvenile court records relating to a minor who is the subject of a proceeding under this Act shall be restricted to the following:
(1) The minor who is the subject of record, his

parents, guardian and counsel.
(2) Law enforcement officers and law enforcement

agencies when such information is essential to executing an arrest or search warrant or other compulsory process, or to conducting an ongoing investigation or relating to a minor who has been adjudicated delinquent and there has been a previous finding that the act which constitutes the previous offense was committed in furtherance of criminal activities by a criminal street gang.
Before July 1, 1994, for the purposes of this

Section, "criminal street gang" means any ongoing organization, association, or group of 3 or more persons, whether formal or informal, having as one of its primary activities the commission of one or more criminal acts and that has a common name or common identifying sign, symbol or specific color apparel displayed, and whose members individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal activity.
Beginning July 1, 1994, for purposes of this

Section, "criminal street gang" has the meaning ascribed to it in Section 10 of the Illinois Streetgang Terrorism Omnibus Prevention Act.
(3) Judges, hearing officers, prosecutors, probation

officers, social workers or other individuals assigned by the court to conduct a pre‑adjudication or predisposition investigation, and individuals responsible for supervising or providing temporary or permanent care and custody for minors pursuant to the order of the juvenile court when essential to performing their responsibilities.
(4) Judges, prosecutors and probation officers:
(a) in the course of a trial when institution of

criminal proceedings has been permitted or required under Section 5‑805; or
(b) when criminal proceedings have been

permitted or required under Section 5‑805 and a minor is the subject of a proceeding to determine the amount of bail; or
(c) when criminal proceedings have been

permitted or required under Section 5‑805 and a minor is the subject of a pre‑trial investigation, pre‑sentence investigation or fitness hearing, or proceedings on an application for probation; or
(d) when a minor becomes 17 years of age or

older, and is the subject of criminal proceedings, including a hearing to determine the amount of bail, a pre‑trial investigation, a pre‑sentence investigation, a fitness hearing, or proceedings on an application for probation.
(5) Adult and Juvenile Prisoner Review Boards.
(6) Authorized military personnel.
(7) Victims, their subrogees and legal

representatives; however, such persons shall have access only to the name and address of the minor and information pertaining to the disposition or alternative adjustment plan of the juvenile court.
(8) Persons engaged in bona fide research, with the

permission of the presiding judge of the juvenile court and the chief executive of the agency that prepared the particular records; provided that publication of such research results in no disclosure of a minor's identity and protects the confidentiality of the record.
(9) The Secretary of State to whom the Clerk of the

Court shall report the disposition of all cases, as required in Section 6‑204 of the Illinois Vehicle Code. However, information reported relative to these offenses shall be privileged and available only to the Secretary of State, courts, and police officers.
(10) The administrator of a bonafide substance abuse

student assistance program with the permission of the presiding judge of the juvenile court.
(11) Mental health professionals on behalf of the

Illinois Department of Corrections or the Department of Human Services or prosecutors who are evaluating, prosecuting, or investigating a potential or actual petition brought under the Sexually Persons Commitment Act relating to a person who is the subject of juvenile court records or the respondent to a petition brought under the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act, who is the subject of juvenile court records sought. Any records and any information obtained from those records under this paragraph (11) may be used only in sexually violent persons commitment proceedings.
(B) A minor who is the victim in a juvenile proceeding shall be provided the same confidentiality regarding disclosure of identity as the minor who is the subject of record.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection (C), juvenile court records shall not be made available to the general public but may be inspected by representatives of agencies, associations and news media or other properly interested persons by general or special order of the court presiding over matters pursuant to this Act.
(0.1) In cases where the records concern a pending

juvenile court case, the party seeking to inspect the juvenile court records shall provide actual notice to the attorney or guardian ad litem of the minor whose records are sought.
(0.2) In cases where the records concern a juvenile

court case that is no longer pending, the party seeking to inspect the juvenile court records shall provide actual notice to the minor or the minor's parent or legal guardian, and the matter shall be referred to the chief judge presiding over matters pursuant to this Act.
(0.3) In determining whether the records should be

available for inspection, the court shall consider the minor's interest in confidentiality and rehabilitation over the moving party's interest in obtaining the information. The State's Attorney, the minor, and the minor's parents, guardian, and counsel shall at all times have the right to examine court files and records. For purposes of obtaining documents pursuant to this Section, a civil subpoena is not an order of the court.
(0.4) Any records obtained in violation of this

subsection (C) shall not be admissible in any criminal or civil proceeding, or operate to disqualify a minor from subsequently holding public office, or operate as a forfeiture of any public benefit, right, privilege, or right to receive any license granted by public authority.
(1) The court shall allow the general public to have

access to the name, address, and offense of a minor who is adjudicated a delinquent minor under this Act under either of the following circumstances:
(A) The adjudication of delinquency was based

upon the minor's commission of first degree murder, attempt to commit first degree murder, aggravated criminal sexual assault, or criminal sexual assault; or
(B) The court has made a finding that the minor

was at least 13 years of age at the time the act was committed and the adjudication of delinquency was based upon the minor's commission of: (i) an act in furtherance of the commission of a felony as a member of or on behalf of a criminal street gang, (ii) an act involving the use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, (iii) an act that would be a Class X felony offense under or the minor's second or subsequent Class 2 or greater felony offense under the Cannabis Control Act if committed by an adult, (iv) an act that would be a second or subsequent offense under Section 402 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act if committed by an adult, (v) an act that would be an offense under Section 401 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act if committed by an adult, (vi) an act that would be a second or subsequent offense under Section 60 of the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act, or (vii) an act that would be an offense under another Section of the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act.
(2) The court shall allow the general public to have

access to the name, address, and offense of a minor who is at least 13 years of age at the time the offense is committed and who is convicted, in criminal proceedings permitted or required under Section 5‑4, under either of the following circumstances:
(A) The minor has been convicted of first degree

murder, attempt to commit first degree murder, aggravated criminal sexual assault, or criminal sexual assault,
(B) The court has made a finding that the minor

was at least 13 years of age at the time the offense was committed and the conviction was based upon the minor's commission of: (i) an offense in furtherance of the commission of a felony as a member of or on behalf of a criminal street gang, (ii) an offense involving the use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, (iii) a Class X felony offense under or a second or subsequent Class 2 or greater felony offense under the Cannabis Control Act, (iv) a second or subsequent offense under Section 402 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, (v) an offense under Section 401 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, (vi) an act that would be a second or subsequent offense under Section 60 of the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act, or (vii) an act that would be an offense under another Section of the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act.
(D) Pending or following any adjudication of delinquency for any offense defined in Sections 12‑13 through 12‑16 of the Criminal Code of 1961, the victim of any such offense shall receive the rights set out in Sections 4 and 6 of the Bill of Rights for Victims and Witnesses of Violent Crime Act; and the juvenile who is the subject of the adjudication, notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, shall be treated as an adult for the purpose of affording such rights to the victim.
(E) Nothing in this Section shall affect the right of a Civil Service Commission or appointing authority of any state, county or municipality examining the character and fitness of an applicant for employment with a law enforcement agency, correctional institution, or fire department to ascertain whether that applicant was ever adjudicated to be a delinquent minor and, if so, to examine the records of disposition or evidence which were made in proceedings under this Act.
(F) Following any adjudication of delinquency for a crime which would be a felony if committed by an adult, or following any adjudication of delinquency for a violation of Section 24‑1, 24‑3, 24‑3.1, or 24‑5 of the Criminal Code of 1961, the State's Attorney shall ascertain whether the minor respondent is enrolled in school and, if so, shall provide a copy of the dispositional order to the principal or chief administrative officer of the school. Access to such juvenile records shall be limited to the principal or chief administrative officer of the school and any guidance counselor designated by him.
(G) Nothing contained in this Act prevents the sharing or disclosure of information or records relating or pertaining to juveniles subject to the provisions of the Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program when that information is used to assist in the early identification and treatment of habitual juvenile offenders.
(H) When a Court hearing a proceeding under Article II of this Act becomes aware that an earlier proceeding under Article II had been heard in a different county, that Court shall request, and the Court in which the earlier proceedings were initiated shall transmit, an authenticated copy of the Court record, including all documents, petitions, and orders filed therein and the minute orders, transcript of proceedings, and docket entries of the Court.
(I) The Clerk of the Circuit Court shall report to the Department of State Police, in the form and manner required by the Department of State Police, the final disposition of each minor who has been arrested or taken into custody before his or her 17th birthday for those offenses required to be reported under Section 5 of the Criminal Identification Act. Information reported to the Department under this Section may be maintained with records that the Department files under Section 2.1 of the Criminal Identification Act.
(Source: P.A. 94‑556, eff. 9‑11‑05; 95‑123, eff. 8‑13‑07.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑8.1) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑8.1)
Sec. 1‑8.1. (Repealed).
(Source: P.A. 87‑928. Repealed by P.A. 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑8.2) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑8.2)
Sec. 1‑8.2. (Repealed).
(Source: P.A. 89‑656, eff. 1‑1‑97. Repealed by P.A. 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑9) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑9)
Sec. 1‑9. Expungement of law enforcement and juvenile court records.
(1) Expungement of law enforcement and juvenile court delinquency records shall be governed by Section 5‑915.
(2) This subsection (2) applies to expungement of law enforcement and juvenile court records other than delinquency proceedings. Whenever any person has attained the age of 17 or whenever all juvenile court proceedings relating to that person have been terminated, whichever is later, the person may petition the court to expunge law enforcement records relating to incidents occurring before his 17th birthday or his juvenile court records, or both, if the minor was placed under supervision pursuant to Sections 2‑20, 3‑21, or 4‑18, and such order of supervision has since been successfully terminated.
(3) The chief judge of the circuit in which an arrest was made or a charge was brought or any judge of that circuit designated by the chief judge may, upon verified petition of a person who is the subject of an arrest or a juvenile court proceeding pursuant to subsection (2) of this Section, order the law enforcement records or juvenile court records, or both, to be expunged from the official records of the arresting authority and the clerk of the circuit court. Notice of the petition shall be served upon the State's Attorney and upon the arresting authority which is the subject of the petition for expungement.
(Source: P.A. 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑10) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑10)
Sec. 1‑10. (Repealed).
(Source: P.A. 85‑601. Repealed by P.A. 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑11) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑11)
Sec. 1‑11. Designation of special courtrooms. Special courtrooms may be provided in any county for the hearing of all cases under this Act.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑12) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑12)
Sec. 1‑12. Neither the State, any unit of local government, probation department, public or community service program or site, nor any official, volunteer, or employee thereof acting in the course of their official duties shall be liable for any injury or loss a person might receive while performing public or community service as ordered either (1) by the court or (2) by any duly authorized station or probation adjustment, teen court, community mediation, or other administrative diversion program authorized by this Act for a violation of a penal statute of this State or a local government ordinance (whether penal, civil, or quasi‑criminal) or for a traffic offense, nor shall they be liable for any tortious acts of any person performing public or community service, except for wilful, wanton misconduct or gross negligence on the part of such governmental unit, probation department, or public or community service program or site or on the part of the official, volunteer, or employee.
(Source: P.A. 91‑820, eff. 6‑13‑00.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑13) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑13)
Sec. 1‑13. No minor assigned to a public or community service program by either a court or an authorized diversion program shall be considered an employee for any purpose, nor shall the county board be obligated to provide any compensation to such minor.
(Source: P.A. 91‑820, eff. 6‑13‑00.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑14) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑14)
Sec. 1‑14. (Repealed).
(Source: P.A. 86‑980. Repealed by P.A. 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑15) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑15)
Sec. 1‑15. Wrong Venue or Inadequate Service.
(a) All objections of improper venue are waived by a party respondent unless a motion to transfer to a proper venue is made by that party respondent before the start of an adjudicatory hearing conducted under any Article of this Act. No order or judgment is void because of a claim that it was rendered in the wrong venue unless that claim is raised in accordance with this Section.
(b) A party respondent who either has been properly served, or who appears before the court personally or by counsel at the adjudicatory hearing or at any earlier proceeding on a petition for wardship under this Act leading to that adjudicatory hearing, and who wishes to object to the court's jurisdiction on the ground that some necessary party either has not been served or has not been properly served must raise that claim before the start of the adjudicatory hearing conducted under any Article of this Act. No order or judgment is void because of a claim of inadequate service unless that claim is raised in accordance with this Section.
(Source: P.A. 86‑1012; 86‑1475.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑16) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑16)
Sec. 1‑16. Order of protection; status. Whenever relief is sought regarding any type of custody matter under this Act, the court, before granting relief, shall determine whether any order of protection has previously been entered in the instant proceeding or any other proceeding in which any party, or a child of any party, or both, if relevant, has been designated as either a respondent or a protected person.
(Source: P.A. 87‑743.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑17) (from Ch. 37, par. 801‑17)
Sec. 1‑17. With respect to any minor for whom the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator is appointed the temporary custodian or guardian, the Guardianship Administrator may designate in writing a private agency or an employee of a private agency to appear at court proceedings and testify as to the factual matters contained in the casework files and recommendations involving the minor. The private agency or the employee of a private agency must have personal and thorough knowledge of the facts of the case in which the appointment is made. The designated private agency or employee shall appear at the proceedings. If the Court finds that it is in the best interests of the minor that an employee or employees of the Department appear in addition to the private agency or employee of a private agency, the Court shall set forth the reasons in writing for their required appearance.
(Source: P.A. 87‑1147.)

(705 ILCS 405/1‑18)
Sec. 1‑18. Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts; report. The Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts shall study the fiscal impact of the implementation of Public Act 90‑590 (the Juvenile Justice Reform Provisions of 1998) which is under its authority and submit a report of that study to the General Assembly within 12 months after the enactment of that Act. The Administrative Office may, in addition to other requests, make a request for funding of the implementation of that Act.
(Source: Incorporates P.A. 90‑590, eff. 1‑1‑99; 91‑357, eff. 7‑29‑99.)


(705 ILCS 405/Art. II heading)
ARTICLE II. ABUSED, NEGLECTED OR
DEPENDENT MINORS

(705 ILCS 405/2‑1) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑1)
Sec. 2‑1. Jurisdictional facts. Proceedings may be instituted under the provisions of this Article concerning boys and girls who are abused, neglected or dependent, as defined in Sections 2‑3 or 2‑4.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑2) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑2)
Sec. 2‑2. Venue. (1) Venue under this Article lies in the county where the minor resides or is found.
(2) If proceedings are commenced in any county other than that of the minor's residence, the court in which the proceedings were initiated may at any time before or after adjudication of wardship transfer the case to the county of the minor's residence by transmitting to the court in that county an authenticated copy of the court record, including all documents, petitions and orders filed therein, and the minute orders and docket entries of the court. Transfer in like manner may be made in the event of a change of residence from one county to another of a minor concerning whom proceedings are pending.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑3) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑3)
Sec. 2‑3. Neglected or abused minor.
(1) Those who are neglected include:
(a) any minor under 18 years of age who is not

receiving the proper or necessary support, education as required by law, or medical or other remedial care recognized under State law as necessary for a minor's well‑being, or other care necessary for his or her well‑being, including adequate food, clothing and shelter, or who is abandoned by his or her parents or other person responsible for the minor's welfare, except that a minor shall not be considered neglected for the sole reason that the minor's parent or other person responsible for the minor's welfare has left the minor in the care of an adult relative for any period of time; or
(b) any minor under 18 years of age whose

environment is injurious to his or her welfare; or
(c) any newborn infant whose blood, urine, or

meconium contains any amount of a controlled substance as defined in subsection (f) of Section 102 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, as now or hereafter amended, or a metabolite of a controlled substance, with the exception of controlled substances or metabolites of such substances, the presence of which in the newborn infant is the result of medical treatment administered to the mother or the newborn infant; or
(d) any minor under the age of 14 years whose parent

or other person responsible for the minor's welfare leaves the minor without supervision for an unreasonable period of time without regard for the mental or physical health, safety, or welfare of that minor; or
(e) any minor who has been provided with interim

crisis intervention services under Section 3‑5 of this Act and whose parent, guardian, or custodian refuses to permit the minor to return home unless the minor is an immediate physical danger to himself, herself, or others living in the home.
Whether the minor was left without regard for the mental or physical health, safety, or welfare of that minor or the period of time was unreasonable shall be determined by considering the following factors, including but not limited to:
(1) the age of the minor;
(2) the number of minors left at the location;
(3) special needs of the minor, including whether

the minor is physically or mentally handicapped, or otherwise in need of ongoing prescribed medical treatment such as periodic doses of insulin or other medications;
(4) the duration of time in which the minor was left

without supervision;
(5) the condition and location of the place where

the minor was left without supervision;
(6) the time of day or night when the minor was left

without supervision;
(7) the weather conditions, including whether the

minor was left in a location with adequate protection from the natural elements such as adequate heat or light;
(8) the location of the parent or guardian at the

time the minor was left without supervision, the physical distance the minor was from the parent or guardian at the time the minor was without supervision;
(9) whether the minor's movement was restricted, or

the minor was otherwise locked within a room or other structure;
(10) whether the minor was given a phone number of a

person or location to call in the event of an emergency and whether the minor was capable of making an emergency call;
(11) whether there was food and other provision left

for the minor;
(12) whether any of the conduct is attributable to

economic hardship or illness and the parent, guardian or other person having physical custody or control of the child made a good faith effort to provide for the health and safety of the minor;
(13) the age and physical and mental capabilities of

the person or persons who provided supervision for the minor;
(14) whether the minor was left under the

supervision of another person;
(15) any other factor that would endanger the health

and safety of that particular minor.
A minor shall not be considered neglected for the sole reason that the minor has been relinquished in accordance with the Abandoned Newborn Infant Protection Act.
(2) Those who are abused include any minor under 18 years of age whose parent or immediate family member, or any person responsible for the minor's welfare, or any person who is in the same family or household as the minor, or any individual residing in the same home as the minor, or a paramour of the minor's parent:
(i) inflicts, causes to be inflicted, or allows to

be inflicted upon such minor physical injury, by other than accidental means, which causes death, disfigurement, impairment of physical or emotional health, or loss or impairment of any bodily function;
(ii) creates a substantial risk of physical injury

to such minor by other than accidental means which would be likely to cause death, disfigurement, impairment of emotional health, or loss or impairment of any bodily function;
(iii) commits or allows to be committed any sex

offense against such minor, as such sex offenses are defined in the Criminal Code of 1961, as amended, and extending those definitions of sex offenses to include minors under 18 years of age;
(iv) commits or allows to be committed an act or

acts of torture upon such minor; or
(v) inflicts excessive corporal punishment.
A minor shall not be considered abused for the sole reason that the minor has been relinquished in accordance with the Abandoned Newborn Infant Protection Act.
(3) This Section does not apply to a minor who would be included herein solely for the purpose of qualifying for financial assistance for himself, his parents, guardian or custodian.
(Source: P.A. 95‑443, eff. 1‑1‑08.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑4) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑4)
Sec. 2‑4. Dependent minor.
(1) Those who are dependent include any minor under 18 years of age:
(a) who is without a parent, guardian or legal

custodian;
(b) who is without proper care because of the

physical or mental disability of his parent, guardian or custodian;
(c) who is without proper medical or other remedial

care recognized under State law or other care necessary for his or her well being through no fault, neglect or lack of concern by his parents, guardian or custodian, provided that no order may be made terminating parental rights, nor may a minor be removed from the custody of his or her parents for longer than 6 months, pursuant to an adjudication as a dependent minor under this subdivision (c), unless it is found to be in his or her best interest by the court or the case automatically closes as provided under Section 2‑31 of this Act; or
(d) who has a parent, guardian or legal custodian

who with good cause wishes to be relieved of all residual parental rights and responsibilities, guardianship or custody, and who desires the appointment of a guardian of the person with power to consent to the adoption of the minor under Section 2‑29.
(2) This Section does not apply to a minor who would be included herein solely for the purpose of qualifying for financial assistance for himself, his parents, guardian or custodian or to a minor solely because his or her parent or guardian has left the minor for any period of time in the care of an adult relative.
(Source: P.A. 91‑357, eff. 7‑29‑99.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑4a)
Sec. 2‑4a. Special immigrant minor.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, a special immigrant minor under 18 years of age who has been made a ward of the court may be deemed eligible by the court for long‑term foster care due to abuse, neglect, or abandonment and remain under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court until his or her special immigrant juvenile status and adjustment of status applications are adjudicated. The petition filed on behalf of the special immigrant minor must allege that he or she otherwise satisfies the prerequisites for special immigrant juvenile status pursuant to 8 U.S.C. Section 1101(a)(27)(J) and must state the custodial status sought on behalf of the minor.
(b) For the purposes of this Section, a juvenile court may make a finding that a special immigrant minor is eligible for long term foster care if the court makes the following findings:
(1) That a reasonable diligent search for biological

parents, prior adoptive parents, or prior legal guardians has been conducted; and
(2) That reunification with the minor's biological

parents or prior adoptive parents is not a viable option.
(c) For the purposes of this Section:
(1) The term "abandonment" means the failure of a

parent or legal guardian to maintain a reasonable degree of interest, concern, or responsibility for the welfare of his or her minor child or ward.
(2) The term "special immigrant minor" means an

immigrant minor who (i) is present in the United States and has been made a ward of the court and (ii) for whom it has been determined by the juvenile court or in an administrative or judicial proceeding that it would not be in his or her best interests to be returned to his or her previous country of nationality or country of last habitual residence.
(d) This Section does not apply to a minor who applies for special immigrant minor status solely for the purpose of qualifying for financial assistance for himself or herself or for his or her parents, guardian, or custodian.
(Source: P.A. 93‑145, eff. 7‑10‑03.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑5) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑5)
Sec. 2‑5. Taking into custody. (1) A law enforcement officer may, without a warrant, take into temporary custody a minor (a) whom the officer with reasonable cause believes to be a person described in Section 2‑3 or 2‑4; (b) who has been adjudged a ward of the court and has escaped from any commitment ordered by the court under this Act; or (c) who is found in any street or public place suffering from any sickness or injury which requires care, medical treatment or hospitalization.
(2) Whenever a petition has been filed under Section 2‑13 and the court finds that the conduct and behavior of the minor may endanger the health, person, welfare, or property of himself or others or that the circumstances of his home environment may endanger his health, person, welfare or property, a warrant may be issued immediately to take the minor into custody.
(3) The taking of a minor into temporary custody under this Section is not an arrest nor does it constitute a police record.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑6) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑6)
Sec. 2‑6. Duty of officer. (1) A law enforcement officer who takes a minor into custody under Section 2‑5 shall immediately make a reasonable attempt to notify the parent or other person legally responsible for the minor's care or the person with whom the minor resides that the minor has been taken into custody and where he or she is being held.
(a) A law enforcement officer who takes a minor into custody with a warrant shall without unnecessary delay take the minor to the nearest juvenile police officer designated for such purposes in the county of venue.
(b) A law enforcement officer who takes a minor into custody without a warrant shall place the minor in temporary protective custody and shall immediately notify the Department of Children and Family Services by contacting either the central register established under 7.7 of the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act or the nearest Department of Children and Family Services office. If there is reasonable cause to suspect that a minor has died as a result of abuse or neglect, the law enforcement officer shall immediately report such suspected abuse or neglect to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑7) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑7)
Sec. 2‑7. Temporary custody. "Temporary custody" means the temporary placement of the minor out of the custody of his or her guardian or parent, and includes the following:
(1) "Temporary protective custody" means custody within a hospital or other medical facility or a place previously designated for such custody by the Department of Children and Family Services, subject to review by the court, including a licensed foster home, group home, or other institution. However, such place shall not be a jail or other place for the detention of the criminal or juvenile offenders.
(2) "Shelter care" means a physically unrestrictive facility designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency, or other suitable place designated by the court for a minor who requires care away from his or her home.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑8) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑8)
Sec. 2‑8. Investigation; release. When a minor is delivered to the court, or to the place designated by the court under Section 2‑7 of this Act, a probation officer or such other public officer designated by the court shall immediately investigate the circumstances of the minor and the facts surrounding his or her being taken into custody. The minor shall be immediately released to the custody of his or her parent, guardian, legal custodian or responsible relative, unless the probation officer or such other public officer designated by the court finds that further temporary protective custody is necessary, as provided in Section 2‑7.
(Source: P.A. 85‑601.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑9) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑9)
Sec. 2‑9. Setting of temporary custody hearing; notice; release.
(1) Unless sooner released, a minor as defined in Section 2‑3 or 2‑4 of this Act taken into temporary protective custody must be brought before a judicial officer within 48 hours, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and court‑designated holidays, for a temporary custody hearing to determine whether he shall be further held in custody.
(2) If the probation officer or such other public officer designated by the court determines that the minor should be retained in custody, he shall cause a petition to be filed as provided in Section 2‑13 of this Article, and the clerk of the court shall set the matter for hearing on the temporary custody hearing calendar. When a parent, guardian, custodian or responsible relative is present and so requests, the temporary custody hearing shall be held immediately if the court is in session, otherwise at the earliest feasible time. The petitioner through counsel or such other public officer designated by the court shall insure notification to the minor's parent, guardian, custodian or responsible relative of the time and place of the hearing by the best practicable notice, allowing for oral notice in place of written notice only if provision of written notice is unreasonable under the circumstances.
(3) The minor must be released from temporary protective custody at the expiration of the 48 hour period specified by this Section if not brought before a judicial officer within that period.
(Source: P.A. 87‑759.)

(705 ILCS 405/2‑10) (from Ch. 37, par. 802‑10)
(Text of Section from P.A. 94‑604)
Sec. 2‑10. Temporary custody hearing. At the appearance of the minor before the court at the temporary custody hearing, all witnesses present shall be examined before the court in relation to any matter connected with the allegations made in the petition.
(1) If the court finds that there is not probable cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected or dependent it shall release the minor and dismiss the petition.
(2) If the court finds that there is probable cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected or dependent, the court shall state in writing the factual basis supporting its finding and the minor, his or her parent, guardian, custodian and other persons able to give relevant testimony shall be examined before the court. The Department of Children and Family Services shall give testimony concerning indicated reports of abuse and neglect, of which they are aware of through the central registry, involving the minor's parent, guardian or custodian. After such testimony, the court may, consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, enter an order that the minor shall be released upon the request of parent, guardian or custodian if the parent, guardian or custodian appears to take custody. Custodian shall include any agency of the State which has been given custody or wardship of the child. If it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, the court may also prescribe shelter care and order that the minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the court or in a shelter care facility designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency; however, a minor charged with a criminal offense under the Criminal Code of 1961 or adjudicated delinquent shall not be placed in the custody of or committed to the Department of Children and Family Services by any court, except a minor less than 13 years of age and committed to the Department of Children and Family Services under Section 5‑710 of this Act or a minor for whom an independent basis of abuse, neglect, or dependency exists, which must be defined by departmental rule. In placing the minor, the Department or other agency shall, to the extent compatible with the court's order, comply with Section 7 of the Children and Family Services Act. In determining the health, safety and best interests of the minor to prescribe shelter care, the court must find that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for the safety and protection of the minor or of the person or property of another that the minor be placed in a shelter care facility or that he or she is likely to flee the jurisdiction of the court, and must further find that reasonable efforts have been made or that, consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, no efforts reasonably can be made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal of the minor from his or her home. The court shall require documentation from the Department of Children and Family Services as to the reasonable efforts that were made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal of the minor from his or her home or the reasons why no efforts reasonably could be made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal. When a minor is placed in the home of a relative, the Department of Children and Family Services shall complete a preliminary background review of the members of the minor's custodian's household in accordance with Section 4.3 of the Child Care Act of 1969 within 90 days of that placement. If the minor is ordered placed in a shelter care facility of the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency, the court shall, upon request of the appropriate Department or other agency, appoint the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator or other appropriate agency executive temporary custodian of the minor and the court may enter such other orders related to the temporary custody as it deems fit and proper, including the provision of services to the minor or his family to ameliorate the causes contributing to the finding of probable cause or to the finding of the existence of immediate and urgent necessity.
Where the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator is appointed as the executive temporary custodian, the Department of Children and Family Services shall file with the court and serve on the parties a parent‑child visiting plan, within 10 days, excluding weekends and holidays, after the appointment. The parent‑child visiting plan shall set out the time and place of visits, the frequency of visits, the length of visits, who shall be present at the visits, and where appropriate, the minor's opportunities to have telephone and mail communication with the parents. For good cause, the court may waive the requirement to file the parent‑child visiting plan or extend the time for filing the parent‑child visiting plan. Any party may, by motion, request the court to review the parent‑child visiting plan to determine whether it is reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal and is consistent with the minor's best interest. The frequency, duration, and locations of visitation shall be measured by the needs of the child and family, and not by the convenience of Department personnel. Child development principles shall be considered by the court in its analysis of how frequent visitation should be, how long it should last, where it should take place, and who should be present. If upon motion of the party to review the plan and after receiving evidence, the court determines that the parent‑child visiting plan is not reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal or that the restrictions placed on parent‑child contact are contrary to the child's best interests, the court shall put in writing the factual basis supporting the determination and enter specific findings based on the evidence. The court shall enter an order for the Department to implement changes to the parent‑child visiting plan, consistent with the court's findings. At any stage of proceeding, any party may by motion request the court to enter any orders necessary to implement the parent‑child visiting plan. Nothing under this subsection (2) shall restrict the court from granting discretionary authority to the Department to increase opportunities for additional parent‑child contacts, without further court orders. Nothing in this subsection (2) shall restrict the Department from immediately restricting or terminating parent‑child contact, without either amending the parent‑child visiting plan or obtaining a court order, where the Department or its assigns reasonably believe that continuation of parent‑child contact, as set out in the parent‑child visiting plan, would be contrary to the child's health, safety, and welfare. The Department shall file with the court and serve on the parties any amendments to the visitation plan within 10 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the change of the visitation. Any party may, by motion, request the court to review the parent‑child visiting plan to determine whether the parent‑child visiting plan is reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal, and is consistent with the minor's health, safety, and best interest.
Acceptance of services shall not be considered an admission of any allegation in a petition made pursuant to this Act, nor may a referral of services be considered as evidence in any proceeding pursuant to this Act, except where the issue is whether the Department has made reasonable efforts to reunite the family. In making its findings that it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor to prescribe shelter care, the court shall state in writing (i) the factual basis supporting its findings concerning the immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of the minor or of the person or property of another and (ii) the factual basis supporting its findings that reasonable efforts were made to prevent or eliminate the removal of the minor from his or her home or that no efforts reasonably could be made to prevent or eliminate the removal of the minor from his or her home. The parents, guardian, custodian, temporary custodian and minor shall each be furnished a copy of such written findings. The temporary custodian shall maintain a copy of the court order and written findings in the case record for the child. The order together with the court's findings of fact in support thereof shall be entered of record in the court.
Once the court finds that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of the minor that the minor be placed in a shelter care facility, the minor shall not be returned to the parent, custodian or guardian until the court finds that such placement is no longer necessary for the protection of the minor.
If the child is placed in the temporary custody of the Department of Children and Family Services for his or her protection, the court shall admonish the parents, guardian, custodian or responsible relative that the parents must cooperate with the Department of Children and Family Services, comply with the terms of the service plans, and correct the conditions which require the child to be in care, or risk termination of their parental rights.
(3) If prior to the shelter care hearing for a minor described in Sections 2‑3, 2‑4, 3‑3 and 4‑3 the moving party is unable to serve notice on the party respondent, the shelter care hearing may proceed ex‑parte. A shelter care order from an ex‑parte hearing shall be endorsed with the date and hour of issuance and shall be filed with the clerk's office and entered of record. The order shall expire after 10 days from the time it is issued unless before its expiration it is renewed, at a hearing upon appearance of the party respondent, or upon an affidavit of the moving party as to all diligent efforts to notify the party respondent by notice as herein prescribed. The notice prescribed shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered to the minor or the minor's attorney and to the last known address of the other person or persons entitled to notice. The notice shall also state the nature of the allegations, the nature of the order sought by the State, including whether temporary custody is sought, and the consequences of failure to appear and shall contain a notice that the parties will not be entitled to further written notices or publication notices of proceedings in this case, including the filing of an amended petition or a motion to terminate parental rights, except as required by Supreme Court Rule 11; and shall explain the right of the parties and the procedures to vacate or modify a shelter care order as provided in this Section. The notice for a shelter care hearing shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE TO PARENTS AND CHILDREN
OF SHELTER CARE HEARING
On ................ at ........., before the

Honorable ................, (address:) ................., the State of Illinois will present evidence (1) that (name of child or children) ....................... are abused, neglected or dependent for the following reasons:
.............................................. and (2)

that there is "immediate and urgent necessity" to remove the child or children from the responsible relative.
YOUR FAILURE TO APPEAR AT THE HEARING MAY RESULT IN

PLACEMENT of the child or children in foster care until a trial can be held. A trial may not be held for up to 90 days. You will not be entitled to further notices of proceedings in this case, including the filing of an amended petition or a motion to terminate parental rights.
At the shelter care hearing, parents have the

following rights:
1. To ask the court to appoint a lawyer if they

cannot afford one.
2. To ask the court to continue the hearing to

allow them time to prepare.
3. To present evidence concerning:
a. Whether or not the child or children were

abused, neglected or dependent.
b. Whether or not there is "immediate and

urgent necessity" to remove the child from home (including: their ability to care for the child, conditions in the home, alternative means of protecting the child other than removal).
c. The best interests of the child.
4. To cross examine the State's witnesses.

The Notice for rehearings shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE OF PARENT'S AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
TO REHEARING ON TEMPORARY CUSTODY
If you were not present at and did not have adequate

notice of the Shelter Care Hearing at which temporary custody of ............... was awarded to ................, you have the right to request a full rehearing on whether the State should have temporary custody of ................. To request this rehearing, you must file with the Clerk of the Juvenile Court (address): ........................, in person or by mailing a statement (affidavit) setting forth the following:
1. That you were not present at the shelter care

hearing.
2. That you did not get adequate notice

(explaining how the notice was inadequate).
3. Your signature.
4. Signature must be notarized.
The rehearing should be scheduled within 48 hours of

your filing this affidavit.
At the rehearing, your rights are the same as at the

initial shelter care hearing. The enclosed notice explains those rights.
At the Shelter Care Hearing, children have the

following rights:
1. To have a guardian ad litem appointed.
2. To be declared competent as a witness and to

present testimony concerning:
a. Whether they are abused, neglected or

dependent.
b. Whether there is "immediate and urgent

necessity" to be removed from home.
c. Their best interests.
3. To cross examine witnesses for other parties.
4. To obtain an explanation of any proceedings

and orders of the court.
(4) If the parent, guardian, legal custodian, responsible relative, minor age 8 or over, or counsel of the minor did not have actual notice of or was not present at the shelter care hearing, he or she may file an affidavit setting forth these facts, and the clerk shall set the matter for rehearing not later than 48 hours, excluding Sundays and legal holidays, after the filing of the affidavit. At the rehearing, the court shall proceed in the same manner as upon the original hearing.
(5) Only when there is reasonable cause to believe that the minor taken into custody is a person described in subsection (3) of Section 5‑105 may the minor be kept or detained in a detention home or county or municipal jail. This Section shall in no way be construed to limit subsection (6).
(6) No minor under 16 years of age may be confined in a jail or place ordinarily used for the confinement of prisoners in a police station. Minors under 17 years of age must be kept separate from confined adults and may not at any time be kept in the same cell, room, or yard with adults confined pursuant to the criminal law.
(7) If the minor is not brought before a judicial officer within the time period as specified in Section 2‑9, the minor must immediately be released from custody.
(8) If neither the parent, guardian or custodian appears within 24 hours to take custody of a minor released upon request pursuant to subsection (2) of this Section, then the clerk of the court shall set the matter for rehearing not later than 7 days after the original order and shall issue a summons directed to the parent, guardian or custodian to appear. At the same time the probation department shall prepare a report on the minor. If a parent, guardian or custodian does not appear at such rehearing, the judge may enter an order prescribing that the minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency.
(9) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section any interested party, including the State, the temporary custodian, an agency providing services to the minor or family under a service plan pursuant to Section 8.2 of the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act, foster parent, or any of their representatives, on notice to all parties entitled to notice, may file a motion that it is in the best interests of the minor to modify or vacate a temporary custody order on any of the following grounds:
(a) It is no longer a matter of immediate and urgent

necessity that the minor remain in shelter care; or
(b) There is a material change in the circumstances

of the natural family from which the minor was removed and the child can be cared for at home without endangering the child's health or safety; or
(c) A person not a party to the alleged abuse,

neglect or dependency, including a parent, relative or legal guardian, is capable of assuming temporary custody of the minor; or
(d) Services provided by the Department of Children

and Family Services or a child welfare agency or other service provider have been successful in eliminating the need for temporary custody and the child can be cared for at home without endangering the child's health or safety.
In ruling on the motion, the court shall determine whether it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor to modify or vacate a temporary custody order.
The clerk shall set the matter for hearing not later than 14 days after such motion is filed. In the event that the court modifies or vacates a temporary custody order but does not vacate its finding of probable cause, the court may order that appropriate services be continued or initiated in behalf of the minor and his or her family.
(10) When the court finds or has found that there is probable cause to believe a minor is an abused minor as described in subsection (2) of Section 2‑3 and that there is an immediate and urgent necessity for the abused minor to be placed in shelter care, immediate and urgent necessity shall be presumed for any other minor residing in the same household as the abused minor provided:
(a) Such other minor is the subject of an abuse or

neglect petition pending before the court; and
(b) A party to the petition is seeking shelter care

for such other minor.
Once the presumption of immediate and urgent necessity has been raised, the burden of demonstrating the lack of immediate and urgent necessity shall be on any party that is opposing shelter care for the other minor.
(Source: P.A. 94‑604, eff. 1‑1‑06.)

(Text of Section from P.A. 95‑405)
Sec. 2‑10. Temporary custody hearing. At the appearance of the minor before the court at the temporary custody hearing, all witnesses present shall be examined before the court in relation to any matter connected with the allegations made in the petition.
(1) If the court finds that there is not probable cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected or dependent it shall release the minor and dismiss the petition.
(2) If the court finds that there is probable cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected or dependent, the court shall state in writing the factual basis supporting its finding and the minor, his or her parent, guardian, custodian and other persons able to give relevant testimony shall be examined before the court. The Department of Children and Family Services shall give testimony concerning indicated reports of abuse and neglect, of which they are aware of through the central registry, involving the minor's parent, guardian or custodian. After such testimony, the court may, consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, enter an order that the minor shall be released upon the request of parent, guardian or custodian if the parent, guardian or custodian appears to take custody. If it is determined that a parent's, guardian's, or custodian's compliance with critical services mitigates the necessity for removal of the minor from his or her home, the court may enter an Order of Protection setting forth reasonable conditions of behavior that a parent, guardian, or custodian must observe for a specified period of time, not to exceed 12 months, without a violation; provided, however, that the 12‑month period shall begin anew after any violation. Custodian shall include any agency of the State which has been given custody or wardship of the child. If it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, the court may also prescribe shelter care and order that the minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the court or in a shelter care facility designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency; however, a minor charged with a criminal offense under the Criminal Code of 1961 or adjudicated delinquent shall not be placed in the custody of or committed to the Department of Children and Family Services by any court, except a minor less than 13 years of age and committed to the Department of Children and Family Services under Section 5‑710 of this Act or a minor for whom an independent basis of abuse, neglect, or dependency exists, which must be defined by departmental rule. In placing the minor, the Department or other agency shall, to the extent compatible with the court's order, comply with Section 7 of the Children and Family Services Act. In determining the health, safety and best interests of the minor to prescribe shelter care, the court must find that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for the safety and protection of the minor or of the person or property of another that the minor be placed in a shelter care facility or that he or she is likely to flee the jurisdiction of the court, and must further find that reasonable efforts have been made or that, consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, no efforts reasonably can be made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal of the minor from his or her home. The court shall require documentation from the Department of Children and Family Services as to the reasonable efforts that were made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal of the minor from his or her home or the reasons why no efforts reasonably could be made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal. When a minor is placed in the home of a relative, the Department of Children and Family Services shall complete a preliminary background review of the members of the minor's custodian's household in accordance with Section 4.3 of the Child Care Act of 1969 within 90 days of that placement. If the minor is ordered placed in a shelter care facility of the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency, the court shall, upon request of the appropriate Department or other agency, appoint the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator or other appropriate agency executive temporary custodian of the minor and the court may enter such other orders related to the temporary custody as it deems fit and proper, including the provision of services to the minor or his family to ameliorate the causes contributing to the finding of probable cause or to the finding of the existence of immediate and urgent necessity.
Where the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator is appointed as the executive temporary custodian, the Department of Children and Family Services shall file with the court and serve on the parties a parent‑child visiting plan, within 10 days, excluding weekends and holidays, after the appointment. The parent‑child visiting plan shall set out the time and place of visits, the frequency of visits, the length of visits, who shall be present at the visits, and where appropriate, the minor's opportunities to have telephone and mail communication with the parents. For good cause, the court may waive the requirement to file the parent‑child visiting plan or extend the time for filing the parent‑child visiting plan. Any party may, by motion, request the court to review the parent‑child visiting plan to determine whether it is reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal and is consistent with the minor's best interest. The frequency, duration, and locations of visitation shall be measured by the needs of the child and family, and not by the convenience of Department personnel. Child development principles shall be considered by the court in its analysis of how frequent visitation should be, how long it should last, where it should take place, and who should be present. If upon motion of the party to review the plan and after receiving evidence, the court determines that the parent‑child visiting plan is not reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal or that the restrictions placed on parent‑child contact are contrary to the child's best interests, the court shall put in writing the factual basis supporting the determination and enter specific findings based on the evidence. The court shall enter an order for the Department to implement changes to the parent‑child visiting plan, consistent with the court's findings. At any stage of proceeding, any party may by motion request the court to enter any orders necessary to implement the parent‑child visiting plan. Nothing under this subsection (2) shall restrict the court from granting discretionary authority to the Department to increase opportunities for additional parent‑child contacts, without further court orders. Nothing in this subsection (2) shall restrict the Department from immediately restricting or terminating parent‑child contact, without either amending the parent‑child visiting plan or obtaining a court order, where the Department or its assigns reasonably believe that continuation of parent‑child contact, as set out in the parent‑child visiting plan, would be contrary to the child's health, safety, and welfare. The Department shall file with the court and serve on the parties any amendments to the visitation plan within 10 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the change of the visitation. Any party may, by motion, request the court to review the parent‑child visiting plan to determine whether the parent‑child visiting plan is reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal, and is consistent with the minor's health, safety, and best interest.
Acceptance of services shall not be considered an admission of any allegation in a petition made pursuant to this Act, nor may a referral of services be considered as evidence in any proceeding pursuant to this Act, except where the issue is whether the Department has made reasonable efforts to reunite the family. In making its findings that it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor to prescribe shelter care, the court shall state in writing (i) the factual basis supporting its findings concerning the immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of the minor or of the person or property of another and (ii) the factual basis supporting its findings that reasonable efforts were made to prevent or eliminate the removal of the minor from his or her home or that no efforts reasonably could be made to prevent or eliminate the removal of the minor from his or her home. The parents, guardian, custodian, temporary custodian and minor shall each be furnished a copy of such written findings. The temporary custodian shall maintain a copy of the court order and written findings in the case record for the child. The order together with the court's findings of fact in support thereof shall be entered of record in the court.
Once the court finds that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of the minor that the minor be placed in a shelter care facility, the minor shall not be returned to the parent, custodian or guardian until the court finds that such placement is no longer necessary for the protection of the minor.
If the child is placed in the temporary custody of the Department of Children and Family Services for his or her protection, the court shall admonish the parents, guardian, custodian or responsible relative that the parents must cooperate with the Department of Children and Family Services, comply with the terms of the service plans, and correct the conditions which require the child to be in care, or risk termination of their parental rights.
(3) If prior to the shelter care hearing for a minor described in Sections 2‑3, 2‑4, 3‑3 and 4‑3 the moving party is unable to serve notice on the party respondent, the shelter care hearing may proceed ex‑parte. A shelter care order from an ex‑parte hearing shall be endorsed with the date and hour of issuance and shall be filed with the clerk's office and entered of record. The order shall expire after 10 days from the time it is issued unless before its expiration it is renewed, at a hearing upon appearance of the party respondent, or upon an affidavit of the moving party as to all diligent efforts to notify the party respondent by notice as herein prescribed. The notice prescribed shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered to the minor or the minor's attorney and to the last known address of the other person or persons entitled to notice. The notice shall also state the nature of the allegations, the nature of the order sought by the State, including whether temporary custody is sought, and the consequences of failure to appear and shall contain a notice that the parties will not be entitled to further written notices or publication notices of proceedings in this case, including the filing of an amended petition or a motion to terminate parental rights, except as required by Supreme Court Rule 11; and shall explain the right of the parties and the procedures to vacate or modify a shelter care order as provided in this Section. The notice for a shelter care hearing shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE TO PARENTS AND CHILDREN
OF SHELTER CARE HEARING
On ................ at ........., before the

Honorable ................, (address:) ................., the State of Illinois will present evidence (1) that (name of child or children) ....................... are abused, neglected or dependent for the following reasons:
.............................................. and (2)

whether there is "immediate and urgent necessity" to remove the child or children from the responsible relative.
YOUR FAILURE TO APPEAR AT THE HEARING MAY RESULT IN

PLACEMENT of the child or children in foster care until a trial can be held. A trial may not be held for up to 90 days. You will not be entitled to further notices of proceedings in this case, including the filing of an amended petition or a motion to terminate parental rights.
At the shelter care hearing, parents have the

following rights:
1. To ask the court to appoint a lawyer if they

cannot afford one.
2. To ask the court to continue the hearing to

allow them time to prepare.
3. To present evidence concerning:
a. Whether or not the child or children were

abused, neglected or dependent.
b. Whether or not there is "immediate and

urgent necessity" to remove the child from home (including: their ability to care for the child, conditions in the home, alternative means of protecting the child other than removal).
c. The best interests of the child.
4. To cross examine the State's witnesses.

The Notice for rehearings shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE OF PARENT'S AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
TO REHEARING ON TEMPORARY CUSTODY
If you were not present at and did not have adequate

notice of the Shelter Care Hearing at which temporary custody of ............... was awarded to ................, you have the right to request a full rehearing on whether the State should have temporary custody of ................. To request this rehearing, you must file with the Clerk of the Juvenile Court (address): ........................, in person or by mailing a statement (affidavit) setting forth the following:
1. That you were not present at the shelter care

hearing.
2. That you did not get adequate notice

(explaining how the notice was inadequate).
3. Your signature.
4. Signature must be notarized.
The rehearing should be scheduled within 48 hours of

your filing this affidavit.
At the rehearing, your rights are the same as at the

initial shelter care hearing. The enclosed notice explains those rights.
At the Shelter Care Hearing, children have the

following rights:
1. To have a guardian ad litem appointed.
2. To be declared competent as a witness and to

present testimony concerning:
a. Whether they are abused, neglected or

dependent.
b. Whether there is "immediate and urgent

necessity" to be removed from home.
c. Their best interests.
3. To cross examine witnesses for other parties.
4. To obtain an explanation of any proceedings

and orders of the court.
(4) If the parent, guardian, legal custodian, responsible relative, minor age 8 or over, or counsel of the minor did not have actual notice of or was not present at the shelter care hearing, he or she may file an affidavit setting forth these facts, and the clerk shall set the matter for rehearing not later than 48 hours, excluding Sundays and legal holidays, after the filing of the affidavit. At the rehearing, the court shall proceed in the same manner as upon the original hearing.
(5) Only when there is reasonable cause to believe that the minor taken into custody is a person described in subsection (3) of Section 5‑105 may the minor be kept or detained in a detention home or county or municipal jail. This Section shall in no way be construed to limit subsection (6).
(6) No minor under 16 years of age may be confined in a jail or place ordinarily used for the confinement of prisoners in a police station. Minors under 17 years of age must be kept separate from confined adults and may not at any time be kept in the same cell, room, or yard with adults confined pursuant to the criminal law.
(7) If the minor is not brought before a judicial officer within the time period as specified in Section 2‑9, the minor must immediately be released from custody.
(8) If neither the parent, guardian or custodian appears within 24 hours to take custody of a minor released upon request pursuant to subsection (2) of this Section, then the clerk of the court shall set the matter for rehearing not later than 7 days after the original order and shall issue a summons directed to the parent, guardian or custodian to appear. At the same time the probation department shall prepare a report on the minor. If a parent, guardian or custodian does not appear at such rehearing, the judge may enter an order prescribing that the minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency.
(9) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section any interested party, including the State, the temporary custodian, an agency providing services to the minor or family under a service plan pursuant to Section 8.2 of the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act, foster parent, or any of their representatives, on notice to all parties entitled to notice, may file a motion that it is in the best interests of the minor to modify or vacate a temporary custody order on any of the following grounds:
(a) It is no longer a matter of immediate and urgent

necessity that the minor remain in shelter care; or
(b) There is a material change in the circumstances

of the natural family from which the minor was removed and the child can be cared for at home without endangering the child's health or safety; or
(c) A person not a party to the alleged abuse,

neglect or dependency, including a parent, relative or legal guardian, is capable of assuming temporary custody of the minor; or
(d) Services provided by the Department of Children

and Family Services or a child welfare agency or other service provider have been successful in eliminating the need for temporary custody and the child can be cared for at home without endangering the child's health or safety.
In ruling on the motion, the court shall determine whether it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor to modify or vacate a temporary custody order.
The clerk shall set the matter for hearing not later than 14 days after such motion is filed. In the event that the court modifies or vacates a temporary custody order but does not vacate its finding of probable cause, the court may order that appropriate services be continued or initiated in behalf of the minor and his or her family.
(10) When the court finds or has found that there is probable cause to believe a minor is an abused minor as described in subsection (2) of Section 2‑3 and that there is an immediate and urgent necessity for the abused minor to be placed in shelter care, immediate and urgent necessity shall be presumed for any other minor residing in the same household as the abused minor provided:
(a) Such other minor is the subject of an abuse or

neglect petition pending before the court; and
(b) A party to the petition is seeking shelter care

for such other minor.
Once the presumption of immediate and urgent necessity has been raised, the burden of demonstrating the lack of immediate and urgent necessity shall be on any party that is opposing shelter care for the other minor.
(Source: P.A. 94‑604, eff. 1‑1‑06; 95‑405, eff. 6‑1‑08.)

(Text of Section from P.A. 95‑642)
Sec. 2‑10. Temporary custody hearing. At the appearance of the minor before the court at the temporary custody hearing, all witnesses present shall be examined before the court in relation to any matter connected with the allegations made in the petition.
(1) If the court finds that there is not probable cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected or dependent it shall release the minor and dismiss the petition.
(2) If the court finds that there is probable cause to believe that the minor is abused, neglected or dependent, the court shall state in writing the factual basis supporting its finding and the minor, his or her parent, guardian, custodian and other persons able to give relevant testimony shall be examined before the court. The Department of Children and Family Services shall give testimony concerning indicated reports of abuse and neglect, of which they are aware of through the central registry, involving the minor's parent, guardian or custodian. After such testimony, the court may, consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, enter an order that the minor shall be released upon the request of parent, guardian or custodian if the parent, guardian or custodian appears to take custody. Custodian shall include any agency of the State which has been given custody or wardship of the child. If it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, the court may also prescribe shelter care and order that the minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the court or in a shelter care facility designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency; however, a minor charged with a criminal offense under the Criminal Code of 1961 or adjudicated delinquent shall not be placed in the custody of or committed to the Department of Children and Family Services by any court, except a minor less than 15 years of age and committed to the Department of Children and Family Services under Section 5‑710 of this Act or a minor for whom an independent basis of abuse, neglect, or dependency exists. An independent basis exists when the allegations or adjudication of abuse, neglect, or dependency do not arise from the same facts, incident, or circumstances which give rise to a charge or adjudication of delinquency.
In placing the minor, the Department or other agency shall, to the extent compatible with the court's order, comply with Section 7 of the Children and Family Services Act. In determining the health, safety and best interests of the minor to prescribe shelter care, the court must find that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for the safety and protection of the minor or of the person or property of another that the minor be placed in a shelter care facility or that he or she is likely to flee the jurisdiction of the court, and must further find that reasonable efforts have been made or that, consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor, no efforts reasonably can be made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal of the minor from his or her home. The court shall require documentation from the Department of Children and Family Services as to the reasonable efforts that were made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal of the minor from his or her home or the reasons why no efforts reasonably could be made to prevent or eliminate the necessity of removal. When a minor is placed in the home of a relative, the Department of Children and Family Services shall complete a preliminary background review of the members of the minor's custodian's household in accordance with Section 4.3 of the Child Care Act of 1969 within 90 days of that placement. If the minor is ordered placed in a shelter care facility of the Department of Children and Family Services or a licensed child welfare agency, the court shall, upon request of the appropriate Department or other agency, appoint the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator or other appropriate agency executive temporary custodian of the minor and the court may enter such other orders related to the temporary custody as it deems fit and proper, including the provision of services to the minor or his family to ameliorate the causes contributing to the finding of probable cause or to the finding of the existence of immediate and urgent necessity.
Where the Department of Children and Family Services Guardianship Administrator is appointed as the executive temporary custodian, the Department of Children and Family Services shall file with the court and serve on the parties a parent‑child visiting plan, within 10 days, excluding weekends and holidays, after the appointment. The parent‑child visiting plan shall set out the time and place of visits, the frequency of visits, the length of visits, who shall be present at the visits, and where appropriate, the minor's opportunities to have telephone and mail communication with the parents. For good cause, the court may waive the requirement to file the parent‑child visiting plan or extend the time for filing the parent‑child visiting plan. Any party may, by motion, request the court to review the parent‑child visiting plan to determine whether it is reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal and is consistent with the minor's best interest. The frequency, duration, and locations of visitation shall be measured by the needs of the child and family, and not by the convenience of Department personnel. Child development principles shall be considered by the court in its analysis of how frequent visitation should be, how long it should last, where it should take place, and who should be present. If upon motion of the party to review the plan and after receiving evidence, the court determines that the parent‑child visiting plan is not reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal or that the restrictions placed on parent‑child contact are contrary to the child's best interests, the court shall put in writing the factual basis supporting the determination and enter specific findings based on the evidence. The court shall enter an order for the Department to implement changes to the parent‑child visiting plan, consistent with the court's findings. At any stage of proceeding, any party may by motion request the court to enter any orders necessary to implement the parent‑child visiting plan. Nothing under this subsection (2) shall restrict the court from granting discretionary authority to the Department to increase opportunities for additional parent‑child contacts, without further court orders. Nothing in this subsection (2) shall restrict the Department from immediately restricting or terminating parent‑child contact, without either amending the parent‑child visiting plan or obtaining a court order, where the Department or its assigns reasonably believe that continuation of parent‑child contact, as set out in the parent‑child visiting plan, would be contrary to the child's health, safety, and welfare. The Department shall file with the court and serve on the parties any amendments to the visitation plan within 10 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the change of the visitation. Any party may, by motion, request the court to review the parent‑child visiting plan to determine whether the parent‑child visiting plan is reasonably calculated to expeditiously facilitate the achievement of the permanency goal, and is consistent with the minor's health, safety, and best interest.
Acceptance of services shall not be considered an admission of any allegation in a petition made pursuant to this Act, nor may a referral of services be considered as evidence in any proceeding pursuant to this Act, except where the issue is whether the Department has made reasonable efforts to reunite the family. In making its findings that it is consistent with the health, safety and best interests of the minor to prescribe shelter care, the court shall state in writing (i) the factual basis supporting its findings concerning the immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of the minor or of the person or property of another and (ii) the factual basis supporting its findings that reasonable efforts were made to prevent or eliminate the removal of the minor from his or her home or that no efforts reasonably could be made to prevent or eliminate the removal of the minor from his or her home. The parents, guardian, custodian, temporary custodian and minor shall each be furnished a copy of such written findings. The temporary custodian shall maintain a copy of the court order and written findings in the case record for the child. The order together with the court's findings of fact in support thereof shall be entered of record in the court.
Once the court finds that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of the minor that the minor be placed in a shelter care facility, the minor shall not be returned to the parent, custodian or guardian until the court finds that such placement is no longer necessary for the protection of the minor.
If the child is placed in the temporary custody of the Department of Children and Family Services for his or her protection, the court shall admonish the parents, guardian, custodian or responsible relative that the parents must cooperate with the Department of Children and Family Services, comply with the terms of the service plans, and correct the conditions which require the child to be in care, or risk termination of their parental rights.
(3) If prior to the shelter care hearing for a minor described in Sections 2‑3, 2‑4, 3‑3 and 4‑3 the moving party is unable to serve notice on the party respondent, the shelter care hearing may proceed ex‑parte. A shelter care order from an ex‑parte hearing shall be endorsed with the date and hour of issuance and shall be filed with the clerk's office and entered of record. The order shall expire after 10 days from the time it is issued unless before its expiration it is renewed, at a hearing upon appearance of the party respondent, or upon an affidavit of the moving party as to all diligent efforts to notify the party respondent by notice as herein prescribed. The notice prescribed shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered to the minor or the minor's attorney and to the last known address of the other person or persons entitled to notice. The notice shall also state the nature of the allegations, the nature of the order sought by the State, including whether temporary custody is sought, and the consequences of failure to appear and shall contain a notice that the parties will not be entitled to further written notices or publication notices of proceedings in this case, including the filing of an amended petition or a motion to terminate parental rights, except as required by Supreme Court Rule 11; and shall explain the right of the parties and the procedures to vacate or modify a shelter care order as provided in this Section. The notice for a shelter care hearing shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE TO PARENTS AND CHILDREN
OF SHELTER CARE HEARING
On ................ at ........., before the

Honorable ................, (address:) ................., the State of Illinois will present evidence (1) that (name of child or children) ....................... are abused, neglected or dependent for the following reasons:
.............................................. and (2)

that there is "immediate and urgent necessity" to remove the child or children from the responsible relative.
YOUR FAILURE TO APPEAR AT THE HEARING MAY RESULT IN

PLACEMENT of the child or children in foster care until a trial can be held. A trial may not be held for up to 90 days. You will not be entitled to further notices of proceedings in this case, including the filing of an amended petition or a motion to terminate parental rights.
At the shelter care hearing, parents have the

following rights:
1. To ask the court to appoint a lawyer if they

cannot afford one.
2. To ask the court to continue the hearing to

allow them time to prepare.
3. To present evidence concerning:
a. Whether or not the child or children were

abused, neglected or dependent.
b. Whether or not there is "immediate and

urgent necessity" to remove the child from home (including: their ability to care for the child, conditions in the home, alternative means of protecting the child other than removal).
c. The best interests of the child.
4. To cross examine the State's witnesses.

The Notice for rehearings shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE OF PARENT'S AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS
TO REHEARING ON TEMPORARY CUSTODY
If you were not present at and did not have adequate

notice of the Shelter Care Hearing at which temporary custody of ............... was awarded to ................, you have the right to request a full rehearing on whether the State should have temporary custody of ................. To request this rehearing, you must file with the Clerk of the Juvenile Court (address): ........................, in person or by mailing a statement (affidavit) setting forth the following:
1. That you were not present at the shelter care

hearing.
2. That you did not get adequate notice

(explaining how the notice was inadequate).
3. Your signature.
4. Signature must be notarized.
The rehearing should be scheduled within 48 hours of

your filing this affidavit.
At the rehearing, your rights are the same as at the

initial shelter care hearing. The enclosed notice explains those rights.
At the Shelter Care Hearing, children have the

following rights:
1. To have a guardian ad litem appointed.
2. To be declared competent as a witness and to

present testimony concerning:
a. Whether they are abused, neglected or

dependent.
b. Whether there is "immediate and urgent

necessity" to be removed from home.
c. Their best interests.
3. To cross examine witnesses for other parties.
4. To obtain an explanation of any proceedings

and orders of the court.
(4) If the parent, guardian, legal custodian, responsible relative, minor age 8 or over, or counsel of the minor did not have actual notice of or was not p